Everything about Absorption Electromagnetic Radiation totally explained
In
physics,
absorption is the process by which the
energy of a
photon is taken up by another entity, for example, by an
atom whose
valence electrons make transition between two
electronic
energy levels. The photon is destroyed in the process. The absorbed energy may be re-emitted as
radiant energy or transformed into heat energy. The absorption of light during
wave propagation is often called
attenuation.
The
absorbance of an object quantifies how much light is absorbed by it (not all photons get absorbed, some are
reflected or
refracted instead). This may be related to other properties of the object through the
Beer-Lambert law.
For most substances, the amount of absorption varies with the
wavelength of the light, leading to the appearance of
colour in
pigments that absorb some wavelengths but not others. For example, an object that absorbs
blue,
green and
yellow light will appear
red when viewed under white light. More precise measurements at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via
absorption spectroscopy.
Earth surface
The specific phenomena involving absorption of electromagnetic radiation at the Earth's surface have several important aspects. These phenomena include regulating the temperature of the Earth's crust, surface waters and lower
atmosphere. Changes in the Earth's crust such as
glaciation,
deforestation, polar ice melting, will necessarily alter the quantity and wavelength selectivity of electromagnetic absorption at the Earth's surface; correspondingly, changes in climate such as
global warming may accompany changes in electromagnetic absorption or its inverse, the
albedo. Regulation of the temperature of surface waters has been analyzed with respect to the influence of electromagnetic radiation absorption, indicating the effects of total solar insolation and the local albedo.
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